Although it might have been faster to retain chambering for the. rifle, the M1903 Springfield, it was realized that it would be much quicker to adapt the British design. The Springfield Armory had delivered approximately 843,000 M1903 Springfield rifles, but due to the difficulties in production, rather than re-tool the Pattern 14 factories to produce the standard U.S. entered the war, it had a similar need for rifles. Thus, three variations of the P14 and M1917 exist, labeled "Winchester," "Remington" or "Eddystone". A third manufacturer, Eddystone Arsenal – a subsidiary of Remington – was tooled up at the Baldwin Locomotive Works in Eddystone, Pennsylvania. In the case of the P14 rifle, Winchester and Remington were selected. The new rifle was termed the "Pattern 14". 303 British chambering for convenience of ammunition logistics. They decided to ask these companies to produce the new rifle design in the old. However, the onset of World War I came too quickly for the UK to put it into production before the new cartridge could be perfected, as it suffered from overheating in rapid fire and bore fouling.Īs it entered World War I, the UK had an urgent need for rifles, and contracts for the new rifle were placed with arms companies in the United States. Ease of manufacture was also an important criterion. An advanced design, for the era, of aperture rear sight and a long sight radius were incorporated to maximize accuracy potential. The design carried over a Lee–Enfield type safety at the rear of the action and a bolt that cocked on closing to ease unlocking of the bolt during rapid fire. This development named the Pattern 1913 Enfield or P13, included a front locking, dual lug bolt action with Mauser type claw extractor as well as a new, powerful rimless. The rifle was developed at the Royal Small Arms Factory at Enfield ( arsenal) in the United Kingdom. The starting point was to copy many of the features of the Mauser system. 303 British Mark VII ammunition with pointed (spitzer) projectiles entered service after the Boer War in 1910, a committee was formed to develop an entirely new design of rifle and cartridge. Thus, even though improved Lee–Enfield variants (the SMLE) and. The long-range accuracy of the German 7×57mm Mauser Model 1895 in the hands of Boer marksmen during the Boer War (1899 -1902) made an impression on the British Army, and a more powerful, modern rifle was desired. 303 rimmed cartridge, originally a black powder cartridge, was ill-suited for feeding in magazine or belt-fed weapons and the SMLE was thought to be less accurate than its competition at longer ranges. 30-06 Springfield (7.62×63mm) rifle cartridge for which the M1917 Enfield was adapted.īefore World War I, the British had the Short Magazine Lee–Enfield (SMLE) as their main rifle. The Danish Sirius Dog Sled Patrol on Greenland still use the M1917, which performs reliably in Arctic conditions, as their service weapon. Numerically, it was the main rifle used by the American Expeditionary Forces in Europe during World War I. 3), which was developed and manufactured during the period 1917–1918. 303-inch (7.7 mm) Pattern 1914 Enfield (P14) rifle (listed in British Service as Rifle No. 30, Model of 1917" is an American modification and production of the. The M1917 Enfield, the "American Enfield", formally named " United States Rifle, cal. M1917 Enfield rifle from the collections of Armémuseum, Stockholm, Swedenħ.92×57mm Mauser(Supplied to the Republic of China during World War II)Ģ,800 ft/s (853 m/s) with Cartridge.
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